Removal of the Pigment Congo Red from Synthetic Wastewater with a Novel and Inexpensive Adsorbent Generated from Powdered Foeniculum Vulgare Seeds

In this research, powdered Foeniculum vulgare seed (FVSP) was treated separately with H2C2O4, ZnCl2, and a mixture of ZnCl2-CuS. The characteristics the untreated FVSP samples, as well their abilities to eliminate Congo red (CR) from solutions, were investigated. influences empirical circumstances on CR adsorption by ideal adsorbent studied. thermodynamic, isothermal, dynamic constants also inspected. found be sample ZnCl2-CuS mixture, which eliminated 96.80% dye. outcomes proved that significantly affected circumstances, second-order model Langmuir isotherm fit data better than first-order Freundlich model. values Ea (15.3 kJ/mol) ∆Ho (32.767 kJ/mol ≤ 35.495 evidence anions endothermally adsorbed Zn/Cu-FVSP via ionic exchange mechanism. superior Qmax (434.78, 625.00, 833.33 mg/g), along cheapness stability used in work, are confirm will receive special interest field contaminated water purification.